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RMS Carmania (1905)
RMS ''Carmania'' was a British ocean liner designed by Leonard Peskett and built by John Brown & Company for the Cunard Line. In World War I, the Carmania was converted to an armed merchant cruiser.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=S/S Carmania, Cunard Line )〕
==History==
When launched, the ''Carmania'' and her running mate, the ''Caronia'', were the largest ships in the Cunard fleet.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Carmania (I) )〕 The ''Carmania'' had steam turbines and the ''Caronia'' had quadruple-expansion engines.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Carmania )〕 Another feature that differentiated the two liners was that ''Carmania'' had two tall forward deck ventilator cowls while they were absent on ''Caronia''. The ''Carmania'' traveled the New York-Liverpool route from 1905 to 1910. In the spring of 1906, it carried H.G. Wells to America for the first time; he noted in a book about his travels that "This ''Carmania'' isn't the largest ship nor the finest, nor is to be the last. Greater ships are to follow and greater."〔H.G. Wells, ''The Future in America: A Search after Realities'' (New York and London: Harper and Brothers, 1906), pp. 21-24, 28-29, 32-35.〕 The ''Carmania'' suffered one major fire in June 1910. In October 1913, while eastward bound, she responded to a distress call from the to pick up survivors in a storm, resulting in many awards for gallantry being presented to various members of her crew and Captain James Clayton Barr.
Following the outbreak of World War I, the ''Carmania'' was converted into an armed merchant cruiser, equipped with eight 4.7 inch guns, and put under the command of Captain Noel Grant. She sailed from Liverpool to Shell Bay in Bermuda. She subsequently engaged and sank the German merchant cruiser , during the Battle of Trindade. At the time ''Cap Trafalgars appearance had been altered to resemble ''Carmania''. The ship suffered extensive damage herself and several casualties to her crew. After repairs in Gibraltar, she patrolled the coast of Portugal and the Atlantic islands for the next two years. In 1916, she was summoned to assist in the Gallipoli campaign. From May 1916, she was used as a troop ship. After the war, she transported Canadian troops back from Europe.
By 1919, she returned to passenger liner service, being refitted in 1923. In 1932, she was sold to Hughes Bolckow & Co., and scrapped at Blyth.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Carmania )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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